Umehluko kanye Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zezinqamuli Zesekethe, Ukushintsha Komthwalo kanye Nezinqamuli

Ayini ama-circuit breaker, ama-switch switch kanye nezixhumi? Cishe iningi lezisebenzi zikagesi zicace kakhulu. Kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngomehluko nokusetshenziswa phakathi kwama-breaker circuit, ama-switch switch and disconnectors, izisebenzi eziningi zikagesi zingase zazi eyodwa kuphela kodwa hhayi enye, kanti kwabanye abaqalayo bakagesi abazi nokuthi yini okufanele bayibuze. Sonke siyazi ukuthi i-circuit breaker ingavala, ithwale futhi iphule i-current ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zesekethe, futhi ingavala, ithwale futhi iphule i-current ngaphansi kwezimo zesekethe ezingavamile (kuhlanganise nezimo ze-short-circuit) phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe. I-switch switch iyidivayisi eshintshayo phakathi kwe-circuit breaker kanye neswishi ehlukanisayo. Inomshini wokucisha i-arc olula, onganqamula umthamo olinganiselwe wamanje kanye nomthamo othile wokulayishwa ngokweqile, kodwa awukwazi ukunqamula umsinga wesiyingi esifushane.

Iswishi ehlukanisayo iwumjikelezo onqamula i-no-load current, ukuze okokusebenza kokulungisa kanye nogesi kube nendawo esobala yokunqamula, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha komuntu siqu kwabasebenzi bokunakekela. Iswishi yokuhlukanisa ayinayo idivayisi ekhethekile yokucisha i-arc, ngakho-ke umthwalo wamanje awukwazi ukunqanyulwa. I-short-circuit current, ngakho-ke ukusebenza komshini wokuhlukanisa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho i-breaker circuit inqanyuliwe. Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi, uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-circuit breaker, switch switch kanye nesixhumi? Asetshenziswa kuphi amaswishi amathathu? Isihloko esilandelayo sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, ngithemba ukuthi kungajulisa ukuqonda kwama-circuit breaker, ukushintshwa kokulayisha kanye nokuhlukanisa amaswishi kuningi labasebenzi bakagesi.

01 Incazelo yemibandela yokushintshwa komthwalo, isinqamuli nesinqamuli sesekethe

Ukushintshwa komthwalo: Kuyidivayisi eshintshayo engakwazi ukuvala futhi inqamule umthamo wamanje, amandla ashukumisayo, amandla amanje ashajayo kanye ne-capacitor bank current ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza.

Iswishi yokuhlukanisa: Kusho ukuthi uma isendaweni ehlukene, kunebanga lokuhlukanisa phakathi koxhumana nabo elihlangabezana nezidingo ezishiwo kanye nophawu lokunqamula olusobala; uma isendaweni evaliwe, ingathwala i-current ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokujikeleza kanye nezimo ezingavamile (ezifana ne-short circuit) ) yedivayisi yokushintsha ngaphansi kwamanje.

I-Circuit breaker: Iwumshini oshintshashintshayo ongavala, uwuthwale futhi unqamule ugesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokujikeleza, futhi ungavala, uthwale futhi uphule ugesi ngaphansi kwezimo zesekhethi ezingavamile (kuhlanganise nezimo zesekhethi emfishane) phakathi nesikhathi esibekiwe.

Ngenxa yezidingo zokucaciswa, kukhona amaphuzu okunqanyulwa okusobala adingekayo kwezinye izifunda, ngakho-ke ukushintshwa komthwalo kungasetshenziswa yedwa, ngoba iphuzu elicacile lokunqamula lingabonakala kumjikelezo, futhi i-circuit breaker ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne- ukuhlukanisa ukushintsha. Qinisekisa ukuthi kunephuzu lokunqamula elisobala kusekethe. Iswishi yokuhlukanisa ayikwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo, okungukuthi, ingavulwa futhi ivalwe lapho iswishi yokuhlukanisa ingakwazi ukuvuleka. I-switch switch, njengoba negama lisho, ingasebenza ngaphansi komthwalo, okungukuthi, ingashintshwa futhi ivaliwe lapho inikwe amandla. Isimo siqale sivulwe sivalwe.

02 Thayipha ukwethulwa kokushintshwa komthwalo, isixhumi nesinqamuli sesekethe

Ukushintsha komthwalo, ukushintshwa okuhlukanisayo kanye nama-circuit breakers ahlukaniswe abe yi-voltage ephezulu nephansi;

1. Okweswishi yokulayisha:

Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zokushintshwa komthwalo kagesi ophezulu:

① Iswishi eqinile ekhiqiza igesi enamandla amakhulu: sebenzisa amandla e-arc ephukayo ngokwayo ukuze wenze into ekhiqiza igesi egumbini le-arc ikhiqize igesi ukuze ikhiphe i-arc. Isakhiwo sayo silula, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-35 kV nangaphansi.

②Iswishi ye-pneumatic high-voltage load: sebenzisa igesi ecindezelwe yepiston ukuze ukhiphe i-arc phakathi nenqubo yokuphuka, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kulula, ifanele imikhiqizo engu-35 kV nangaphansi.

③ Iswishi yomthwalo womoya ocindezelwe ophezulu: sebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ukuze ukhiphe i-arc, futhi unganqamula umsinga omkhulu. Isakhiwo sayo siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-60 kV nangaphezulu.

④SF6 high-voltage load switch: Igesi ye-SF6 isetshenziselwa ukucisha i-arc, futhi i-breaking current inkulu, futhi ukusebenza kwe-breaking capacitive current kuhle, kodwa isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-35 kV futhi ngenhla.

⑤ Iswishi yomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu egxiliswe uwoyela: Sebenzisa amandla e-arc ngokwayo ukubola nokufaka umoya uwoyela azungeze i-arc futhi uyipholise ukuze ucime i-arc. Isakhiwo sawo silula, kodwa siyasinda, futhi sifanele imikhiqizo yangaphandle ye-35 kV nangaphansi.

⑥ Iswishi yomthwalo we-vacuum ephezulu: sebenzisa i-vacuum medium ukuze ucime i-arc, ube nempilo ende kagesi kanye nenani eliphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo engu-220 kV nangaphansi.

I-low-voltage load switch ibizwa nangokuthi i-switch fuse group. Ilungele ukuvula nokuvala isekethe elayishiwe ngesandla ngokungajwayelekile kumjikelezo wamandla we-AC; ingabuye isetshenziselwe ukulayisha ngokweqile kanye nokuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane somugqa. I-breaker circuit igcwaliswa yi-blade yokuxhumana, futhi ukulayishwa okungaphezulu nokuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane kuqedwa nge-fuse.

2. Okokuhlukanisa amaswishi

Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokufaka, amaswishi ahlukanisayo anamandla kagesi aphezulu angahlukaniswa abe amaswishi angaphandle anevoltage ephezulu ahlukanisayo kanye namaswishi ahlukanisayo anamandla amakhulu asendlini. Iswishi yokuhlukanisa yangaphandle ene-voltage ephezulu ibhekisa kuswishi ehlukanisayo ene-voltage ephezulu engamelana nemiphumela yomoya, imvula, iqhwa, ukungcola, ukufingqa, iqhwa nesithwathwa esishubile, futhi ifanele ukufakwa kuthala. Ngokwesakhiwo sezinsika zayo ezivikelayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe izixhumi zekholomu eyodwa, izinqamuli zekholomu ekabili, nezinqamuli zamakholomu amathathu.

Phakathi kwazo, ukushintshwa kommese wekholomu eyodwa kusebenzisa ngokuqondile isikhala esime mpo njengendawo yokushisa kagesi yokuphuka ngaphansi kwebha yebhasi engaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, inezinzuzo ezicacile zokulondoloza indawo ehlala kuyo, ukunciphisa izintambo ezihamba phambili, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isimo sokuvula nokuvala sicacile ngokukhethekile. Esimeni sokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi we-ultra-high, umthelela wokulondoloza indawo yaphansi ubaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokuba isiteshi sithatha ukushintsha kommese wekholomu eyodwa.

Emishinini ene-voltage ephansi, ilungele ikakhulukazi amasistimu okusabalalisa amandla esitheminali samandla aphansi njengezindlu zokuhlala nezakhiwo. Imisebenzi esemqoka: ukuphula nokuxhuma imigqa enomthwalo

Kumele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi ekusakazweni kwamandla we-voltage ephansi, inkinobho yokuhlukanisa ingahlukaniswa ngomthwalo! Kwezinye izimo, futhi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, akuvunyelwe!

3. Ngama-circuit breakers

Ama-circuit breaker ane-voltage ephezulu ayizisetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokulawula amandla ezimbonini zikagesi, iziteshi ezingaphansi, kanye namagumbi okusabalalisa amandla. ; Uma isistimu ihluleka, isebenzisana nokuvikelwa kwe-relay ukunqamula ngokushesha iphutha lamanje ukuvimbela ukunwetshwa kobubanzi bengozi.

Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi ye-high-voltage circuit breaker ithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza okuphephile kwesistimu yamandla; kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-high-voltage circuit breaker, ezingahlukaniswa zibe ama-circuit breaker kawoyela (ama-breaker circuit kawoyela amaningi, ama-circuit breaker amancane kawoyela) ngokusho kokucisha i-arc. , i-Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (i-SF6 circuit breaker), i-vacuum circuit breaker, i-compressed air circuit breaker, njll.

I-low-voltage circuit breaker ibizwa nangokuthi i-automatic switch, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-air switch", ephinde ibhekisele ku-low-voltage circuit breaker. Ingase isetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa amandla kagesi, ukuqala ama-asynchronous motors njalo, ukuvikela izintambo zikagesi namamothoni, njll., futhi inganqamula isekethe ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho igcwele kakhulu noma i-short-circuited noma ingaphansi kwe-voltage. Umsebenzi wayo ulingana nowokushintsha kwe-fuse kanye nenhlanganisela yokudlulisa ukushisa nokushisa ngaphansi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile akudingekile ukushintsha izingxenye ngemva kokuphula i-fault current, futhi sekusetshenziswe kabanzi.

03 Umehluko phakathi kwe-load switch, isixhumi nesinqamuli sesekethe

1. Ukushintsha komthwalo kungaphulwa ngomthwalo futhi kunomsebenzi we-arc yokuzicisha, kodwa amandla ayo okuphuka mancane kakhulu futhi anomkhawulo.

2. Ngokuvamile, inkinobho yokuhlukanisa ayikwazi ukuphulwa ngomthwalo. Asikho isicishamlilo se-arc esakhiweni, futhi kukhona nokushintshashintsha okuhlukanisayo okungahle kuphule umthwalo, kodwa isakhiwo sihluke ekushintsheni komthwalo, okulula kakhulu.

3. Kokubili ukushintshwa komthwalo kanye neswishi yokuhlukanisa kungakha iphuzu elisobala lokunqamula. Ama-breaker circuit amaningi awanawo umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa, futhi ama-circuit breaker ambalwa anomsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa.

4. Iswishi yokuhlukanisa ayinawo umsebenzi wokuvikela. Ukuvikelwa kokushintshwa komthwalo ngokuvamile kuvikelwa nge-fuse, ikhefu elisheshayo kuphela kanye ne-overcurrent.

5. Umthamo wokuphuka we-circuit breaker ungenziwa phezulu kakhulu kwinqubo yokukhiqiza. Incike kakhulu ekungezeni ama-transformer amanje ukuze asebenzisane nemishini yesibili ukuze avikeleke. Kungaba nokuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane, ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukuvikela ukuvuza neminye imisebenzi.