Iiyantlukwano kunye nezicelo zeeSekethe zokuqhawula, uTshintsho lokuLawulwa kunye neziQhagamshelwano

Ziziphi ii-breakers, iiswitshi zokulayisha kunye nezixhumi? Kucingelwa ukuba uninzi lwabasebenzi bombane bacace gca. Kodwa xa kufikwa kumahluko kunye nesicelo phakathi kwabaphuli beesekethe, ukutshintshwa komthwalo kunye nokuqhawula, abasebenzi abaninzi bombane banokwazi enye kodwa kungekhona enye, kwaye kwabanye abaqalayo bombane, abazi nokuba babuze ntoni. Sonke siyazi ukuba i-circuit breaker inokuvala, ithwale kwaye iphule ikhoyo ngoku phantsi kweemeko zesekethe eziqhelekileyo, kwaye inokuvala, ithwale kwaye iphule ikhoyo ngoku phantsi kweemeko zesiphaluka ezingaqhelekanga (kubandakanywa neemeko ezimfutshane) ngaphakathi kwexesha elithile. Ukutshintshwa komthwalo sisixhobo sokutshintsha phakathi kwe-breaker circuit kunye ne-sloating switch. Inesixhobo esilula sokucima i-arc, esinokuthi sinqumle umthamo olinganisiweyo womthwalo kunye nomthamo othile ogqithisiweyo, kodwa awukwazi ukunqumla i-short-circuit current.

Ukutshintshwa kwe-isolation yi-circuit ekhupha i-current-load current, ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zokulondoloza kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla zibe nendawo ecacileyo yokuqhawula, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu lwabasebenzi bokulondoloza. Umtshini wokuzihlukanisa awunaso isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokucima i-arc, ngoko ke umthwalo wangoku awukwazi ukunqunyulwa. I-short-circuit current, ngoko ke ukusebenza kokutshintshwa kwe-isolation kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa i-breaker circuit inqanyuliwe. Ke umbuzo ngulo, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesaphuli sesekethe, iswitshi yomthwalo kunye nesixhumi? Zisetyenziswa phi ezi zitshintshi zithathu? Inqaku elilandelayo liza kukwazisa ngokweenkcukacha. Emva kokufunda inqaku, ndiyathemba ukuba inokwandisa ukuqonda kwabaphuli beesekethe, ukutshintshwa komthwalo kunye nokutshintsha okukodwa kuninzi lwabasebenzi bombane.

01 Inkcazo yemigaqo yokutshintsha umthwalo, i-disconnector kunye ne-circuit breaker

Ukutshintsha komthwalo: Isixhobo sokutshintsha esinokuthi sivale kwaye sinqumle umthwalo wangoku, i-excitation current, i-chargeing current kunye ne-capacitor bank current phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.

Ukutshintsha kwe-Isolation: Kuthetha ukuba xa ikwindawo eyahlulahlulwe, kukho umgama we-insulation phakathi koqhagamshelwano oluhlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo kunye nophawu olucacileyo lokuqhawula; xa ikwindawo evaliweyo, inokuthwala ikhoyo phantsi kweemeko zesekethe eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana nesekethe emfutshane) yesixhobo sokutshintsha phantsi kwangoku.

I-Circuit breaker: Sisixhobo sokutshintsha esinokuvala, ukuthwala kunye nokwaphula amandla akhoyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zesekethe, kwaye sinokuvala, ukuthwala kunye nokwaphula i-current phantsi kweemeko zesekethe ezingaqhelekanga (kubandakanywa neemeko zesiphaluka ezimfutshane) ngexesha elithile.

Ngenxa yeemfuno zenkcazo, kukho iindawo ezicacileyo zokuqhawula ezifunekayo kwezinye iisekethe, ngoko ke ukutshintshwa komthwalo kunokusetyenziswa yedwa, kuba indawo ecacileyo yokuqhawula iyabonakala kwisekethe, kwaye i-breaker circuit isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye ukwahlula iswitshi. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo ecacileyo yokuqhawula kwisekethe. Umtshini wokuzihlukanisa awukwazi ukusebenza phantsi komthwalo, oko kukuthi, unokuvulwa kwaye uvalwe xa umtshini wokuhlukanisa ungenakukwazi ukusetyenziswa. Ukutshintsha komthwalo, njengoko igama lithetha, linokusebenza phantsi komthwalo, oko kukuthi, unokutshintshwa kunye nokucima xa unikwe amandla. Imeko iqale ivulwe kwaye ivalwe.

02 Uhlobo lokungeniswa kokutshintsha komthwalo, i-disconnector kunye ne-circuit breaker

Ukutshintsha komthwalo, ukutshintshela ukwahlula kunye nabaphuli beesekethe bahlulwe kumbane ophezulu kunye nophantsi;

1. Ukutshintsha umthwalo:

Kukho iintlobo ezintandathu eziphambili zokutshintsha komthamo wombane ophezulu:

① Ukutshintsha kwegesi eqinile evelisa i-voltage ephezulu: sebenzisa amandla e-arc eqhekezayo ngokwayo ukwenza izinto ezivelisa igesi kwigumbi le-arc zenza igesi yokuvuthela i-arc. Isakhiwo sayo silula, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-35 kV nangaphantsi.

②Ukutshintsha komthwalo we-pneumatic high-voltage: sebenzisa igesi ecinezelweyo yepiston ukuvuthela i-arc ngexesha lokuphuka, kwaye isakhiwo sayo silula, sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-35 kV nangaphantsi.

③ Uhlobo lomoya ocinezelekileyo lokutshintsha komthwalo we-voltage ephezulu: sebenzisa umoya ocinezelekileyo ukuvuthela i-arc, kwaye unokwaphula umsinga omkhulu. Isakhiwo sayo sinzima kakhulu, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-60 kV nangaphezulu.

④SF6 i-high-voltage load switch: igesi ye-SF6 isetyenziselwa ukucima i-arc, kwaye ukuphulwa kwayo kwangoku kukhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kokuphulwa kwe-capacitive current kulungile, kodwa isakhiwo sinzima, kwaye sifanelekile kwiimveliso ze-35 kV kunye ngaphezulu.

⑤ I-oil-immersed high-voltage load switch: Sebenzisa amandla e-arc ngokwayo ukubola kunye ne-gasify ioli ejikeleze i-arc kwaye uyipholise ukucima i-arc. Isakhiwo sayo silula, kodwa sinzima, kwaye sifanelekile kwimveliso yangaphandle ye-35 kV nangaphantsi.

⑥ Isitshixo somthwalo we-vacuum ephezulu: sebenzisa i-vacuum medium ukucima i-arc, ube nobomi obude bombane kunye nexabiso eliphezulu, kwaye zilungele imveliso ye-220 kV nangaphantsi.

Ukutshintsha komthwalo ophantsi we-voltage ukwabizwa ngokuba liqela lokutshintsha i-fuse. Ifanelekile ukuguqula kunye nokucima isekethe elayishiweyo ngesandla ngokungaqhelekanga kwisekethe yombane we-AC; ingasetyenziselwa ukugqithiswa kunye nokukhusela isiphaluka esifutshane somgca. I-breaker circuit igqitywe yi-blade yoqhagamshelwano, kwaye ukugqithiswa kunye nokukhuselwa kwesiphaluka esifutshane kugqitywe ngefuse.

2. Ukwahlula iiswitshi

Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufakela, iiswitshi zokwahlula zombane eziphezulu zinokwahlulwa zibe zizitshixo zokwahlula zangaphandle ezinevoltage ephezulu kunye nezitshixo zokwahlula zangaphakathi zombane ophezulu. Umtshini wokwahlula wombane wangaphandle ubhekiselele kwiswitshi yokwahlula yombane ephezulu enokumelana nefuthe lomoya, imvula, ikhephu, ungcoliseko, ukujiya, umkhenkce kunye neqabaka eshinyeneyo, kwaye ilungele ukufakwa kwi-terrace. Ngokwesakhiwo seentsika zayo ezikhuselayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-disconnectors eyodwa-column, i-disconnectors-column-disconnectors, kunye ne-disconnectors ezintathu zekholomu.

Phakathi kwabo, umtshini wekholomu enye usebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo indawo ethe nkqo njenge-insulation yombane ye-fracture phantsi kwe-busbar ephezulu. Ngoko ke, ineenzuzo ezicacileyo zokulondoloza indawo ehlala kuyo, ukunciphisa iingcingo ezihamba phambili, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukuvulwa nokuvala isimo sicacile. Kwimeko yokuhanjiswa kwe-voltage ye-ultra-high, umphumo wokulondoloza indawo yomgangatho ubaluleke kakhulu emva kokuba i-substation ithathe ukutshintshwa kwekholomu enye.

Kwizixhobo ze-low-voltage, ifaneleka kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla e-terminal terminal ezifana nezindlu zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo. Imisebenzi ephambili: ukuphula kunye nokudibanisa imigca kunye nomthwalo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe apha ukuba kwi-terminal ye-voltage ephantsi yokusabalalisa amandla, ukutshintshwa kwe-isolation kungahlulwa kunye nomthwalo! Kwezinye iimeko, kwaye phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, akuvumelekanga!

3. Kubaphuli beesekethe

I-high-voltage circuit breakers zezona zixhobo zokulawula amandla kwizityalo zamandla, izitishi, kunye namagumbi okuhambisa amandla. ; Xa inkqubo ingaphumeleli, isebenzisana nokukhusela i-relay ngokukhawuleza ukunqumla i-fault current ukukhusela ukwandiswa kobubanzi bengozi.

Ngoko ke, umgangatho we-high-voltage circuit breaker uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo yamandla; kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-high-voltage circuit breakers, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe zi-oil circuit breakers (i-oil circuit breakers ngaphezulu, i-oil circuit breakers encinci) ngokwe-arc yokucima. , Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6 circuit breaker), i-vacuum circuit breaker, i-compressed air circuit breaker, njl.

I-low-voltage circuit breaker ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-automatic switch, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "air switch", ekwabhekisela kwi-low-voltage circuit breaker. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ombane, ukuqala ii-asynchronous motors ngokungaqhelekanga, ukukhusela iintambo zamandla kunye neemotor, njl. Umsebenzi wayo ulingana nowokutshintsha kwe-fuse kunye neNdibanisela yokushisa kunye nokushisa okuphantsi kweelayidi, njl. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha iinxalenye emva kokuphula i-fault current, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

03 Umahluko phakathi kokutshintsha komthwalo, i-disconnector kunye ne-circuit breaker

1. Umtshini womthwalo unokuphulwa ngomthwalo kwaye unomsebenzi we-arc yokucima ukucima, kodwa ukuphulwa kwayo kuncinci kwaye kuncinci.

2. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshintshwa kwe-isolation ayikwazi ukuphulwa ngomthwalo. Akukho sicimi-mlilo se-arc kwisakhiwo, kwaye kukho kwakhona izitshixo ezizimeleyo ezinokuthi ziphule umthwalo, kodwa isakhiwo sihluke kwisitshixo somthwalo, esilula.

3. Bobabini ukutshintshwa komthwalo kunye nokutshintsha okukodwa kunokwenza indawo ecacileyo yokuqhawula. Uninzi lwabaphuli beesekethe abanalo umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa, kwaye abaphuli beesekethe abambalwa banomsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa.

4. Umtshini wokuzihlukanisa awunawo umsebenzi wokukhusela. Ukukhuselwa kokutshintshwa komthwalo ngokuqhelekileyo kukhuselwe ngefuse, kuphela ikhefu elikhawulezayo kunye ne-overcurrent.

5. Umthamo wokuqhawula we-circuit breaker unokwenziwa phezulu kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Ikakhulu ixhomekeke ekongezeni i-transformers yangoku ukusebenzisana nezixhobo zesibini zokukhusela. Inokuba nokukhuselwa kwesiphaluka esifutshane, ukukhuselwa kokugqithiswa, ukukhuselwa kokuvuza kunye neminye imisebenzi.