Misiyano uye Mashandisirwo eCircuit Breakers, Road Switch uye Disconnectors

Chii chinonzi circuit breaker, load switch uye disconnectors? Zvichida vashandi vakawanda vemagetsi vakanyatsojeka. Asi kana zvasvika pamusiyano uye kushandiswa pakati pemagetsi emagetsi, ma switch switch uye disconnectors, vazhinji vashandi vemagetsi vanogona kungoziva imwe chete asi kwete imwe, uye kune vamwe vanotanga magetsi, havatomboziva chekubvunza. Isu tose tinoziva kuti muparadzi wedunhu anogona kuvhara, kutakura uye kuputsa ikozvino pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa, uye anogona kuvhara, kutakura uye kuputsa ikozvino pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka edunhu (kusanganisira pfupi-circuit mamiriro) mukati menguva yakatarwa. Iyo yekuremedza switch ndeye switching mudziyo pakati pedunhu breaker uye yekuzviparadzanisa switch. Iyo ine yakapusa arc yekudzima mudziyo, iyo inogona kugura yakayerwa mutoro wazvino uye imwe yakawandisa yazvino, asi haigone kudzima iyo pfupi-yedunhu ikozvino.

Iyo yekuzviparadzanisa inoshandura idunhu rinobvisa iyo-isina-mutoro ikozvino, kuitira kuti midziyo yekugadzirisa uye magetsi ave nenzvimbo yakajeka yekudzima, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwega kwevashandi vekuchengetedza. Iyo yekuparadzanisa switch haina yakakosha arc-kudzimisa mudziyo, saka mutoro wazvino haugone kugurwa. Short-circuit current, saka kushanda kwekuparadzanisa switch kunofanirwa kuitwa chete kana muparadzi wedunhu akadzimwa. Saka mubvunzo ndewekuti, ndeupi mutsauko uripo pakati pedunhu redunhu, chinja chinotakura uye chinobvisa? Maswichi matatu anoshandiswa kupi? Nyaya inotevera ichakusuma zvakadzama. Mushure mekuverenga chinyorwa, ndinovimba kuti inogona kudzamisa kunzwisiswa kwevanopwanya matunhu, masheji ekuremedza uye kupatsanura switch kune vazhinji vevashandi vemagetsi.

01 Tsananguro yematemu ekuchinja kwemutoro, disconnector uye circuit breaker

Load switch: Icho chidhinha chekuchinja chinogona kuvhara uye kutema mutoro wazvino, kuwedzeredza ikozvino, kuchaja ikozvino uye capacitor bhangi ikozvino pasi pemamiriro ekushanda.

Isolation switch: Zvinoreva kuti kana iri munzvimbo yakakamurwa, pane chinhambwe chekudzivirira pakati pematanho anosangana nezvinodiwa uye chiratidzo chekudimburwa chiri pachena; kana iri munzvimbo yakavharwa, inogona kutakura ikozvino pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye mamiriro asina kujairika (akadai sepfupi pfupi) ) yemudziyo wekushandura pasi pezvino.

Circuit breaker: Icho chinoshandura chigadziri chinogona kuvhara, kutakura uye kuputsa ikozvino pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu edunhu, uye inogona kuvhara, kutakura uye kuputsa ikozvino pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika edunhu (kusanganisira pfupi-circuit mamiriro) mukati menguva yakatarwa.

Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zveiyo yakatarwa, pane zviri pachena mapoinzi ekubvisa anodiwa mune mamwe maseketi, saka chinja chekutakura chinogona kushandiswa chega, nekuti iyo yakajeka yekubvisa nzvimbo inogona kuoneka mudunhu, uye dunhu rinotyora rinowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete ne isolate switch. Ita shuwa kuti pane iri pachena yekudimbura poindi mudunhu. Iyo yekuparadzanisa switch haigone kushandiswa pasi pemutoro, ndiko kuti, inogona kuvhurwa uye kuvharwa kana iyo yekuzviparadzanisa switch haigone kugoneswa. Mutoro wekuchinja, sezvinoreva zita, unogona kushandiswa pasi pemutoro, kureva, unogona kuchinjwa uye kuvharwa kana uchinge wapiwa simba. Mamiriro acho anotanga kuvhurwa uye kuvharwa.

02 Type sumo yekuremedza switch, disconnector uye redunhu breaker

Kuchinja kwemutoro, kutsaura kushanduka uye mavhiriki ematunhu akakamurwa kuva yakakwirira uye yakaderera voltage;

1. Yekuchinja kwekutakura:

Kune marudzi matanhatu makuru emhando yepamusoro-voltage load switch:

① Solid gasi-inogadzira yakakwira-voltage load switch: shandisa simba rekutyora arc pacharo kuita kuti zvinhu zvinogadzira gasi mukamuri yearc ibudise gasi kuburitsa arc. Chimiro chayo chiri nyore, uye chakakodzera kune zvigadzirwa zve 35 kV uye pasi.

②Pneumatic high-voltage load switch: shandisa gasi rakatsikirirwa repiston kufuridzira arc panguva yekupwanya, uye chimiro chayo chiri nyore, chakakodzera zvigadzirwa zve35 kV uye pazasi.

③ Yakadzvanywa mhepo yemhando yepamusoro-voltage load switch: shandisa mweya wakadzvanywa kuburitsa arc, uye unogona kutyora hombe iripo. Chimiro chayo chakaoma, uye chakakodzera kune zvigadzirwa zve60 kV uye pamusoro.

④SF6 high-voltage load switch: SF6 gasi rinoshandiswa kudzima arc, uye kutyora kwayo ikozvino kwakakura, uye kuita kwekupwanya capacitive ikozvino kwakanaka, asi chimiro chakaoma, uye chakakodzera zvigadzirwa zve35 kV uye. kumusoro.

⑤ Oiri-yakanyudzwa yakakwira-voltage load switch: Shandisa simba reiyo arc pachayo kuti iparadze uye ive gasify mafuta akatenderedza arc uye inotonhorera kudzima arc. Chimiro chayo chiri nyore, asi chinorema, uye chakakodzera kune zvigadzirwa zvekunze zve 35 kV uye pasi.

⑥ Vacuum-mhando yepamusoro-voltage load switch: shandisa vacuum medium kudzima arc, kuve nehupenyu hwemagetsi hurefu uye mutengo wakakwira, uye inokodzera zvigadzirwa zve220 kV zvichidzika.

Iyo yakaderera-voltage load switch inonziwo switch fuse boka. Inokodzera kushandura nekudzima dunhu rakaremerwa nemaoko zvisingaite mu AC simba frequency circuit; inogonawo kushandiswa pakuremerwa uye kupfupika kwedunhu kudzivirira kwemutsara. Iyo yedunhu inopwanya inopedzwa neiyo yekubata blade, uye iyo yakawandisa uye pfupi yekudzivirira yedunhu inopedzwa nefuse.

2. Zvekuparadzanisa switch

Zvinoenderana neakasiyana nzira dzekuisa, yakakwira-voltage yekuparadzanisa switch inogona kukamurwa kuita ekunze yakakwira-voltage yekuparadzanisa switch uye yemukati yakakwira-voltage yekuparadzanisa switch. Outdoor high-voltage isolating switch inoreva high-voltage isolate switch iyo inogona kumira nemhepo, mvura, chando, kusvibiswa, condensation, ice uye gobvu chando, uye inokodzera kuisirwa pane terrace. Zvinoenderana nechimiro chembiru dzayo dzinodzivirira, inogona kukamurwa kuita imwe-column disconnectors, kaviri-column disconnectors, uye matatu-column disconnectors.

Pakati pavo, imwe-column knife switch yakananga inoshandisa nzvimbo yakamira semagetsi ekudzivirira kwekuputsika pasi pebharu repamusoro. Nokudaro, ine zvikomborero zvakajeka zvekuchengetedza nzvimbo yakagarwa, kuderedza waya dzinotungamirira, uye panguva imwechete kuzarura nekuvhara mamiriro anonyanya kujeka. Panyaya ye-ultra-high voltage transmission, mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yepasi inonyanya kukosha mushure mekunge substation yatora imwe-column knife switch.

Mumidziyo yakaderera-voltage, inonyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera-voltage terminal magetsi ekugovera masisitimu akadai sedzimba dzekugara uye zvivakwa. Mabasa makuru: kutyora uye kubatanidza mitsara nemutoro

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa pano kuti mune yakaderera-voltage terminal magetsi kugovera, yekuzviparadzanisa switch inogona kupatsanurwa nemutoro! Mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, hazvibvumirwi!

3. Zvemadunhurirwa

High-voltage circuit breaker ndiyo hombe yekudzora magetsi mumidziyo yemagetsi, zviteshi, uye makamuri ekugovera magetsi. ; Kana iyo system ikatadza, inobatirana pamwe nekudzivirira relay kukurumidza kugura chikanganiso chazvino kudzivirira kuwedzera kwechikamu chetsaona.

Nokudaro, hutano hwepamusoro-voltage circuit breaker inobata zvakananga kushanda kwakachengeteka kwesimba remagetsi; kune akawanda marudzi e-high-voltage circuit breakers, ayo anogona kukamurwa kuita oiri circuit breaker (mamwe mafuta edunhu mabhatani, mashoma emafuta edunhu anopwanya) zvinoenderana nekudzima kwavo arc. , Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6 circuit breaker), vacuum circuit breaker, compressed air circuit breaker, nezvimwe.

Iyo low-voltage circuit breaker inonziwo automatic switch, inowanzozivikanwa se "air switch", iyo inorevawo kune yakaderera-voltage circuit breaker. Inogona kushandiswa kugovera simba remagetsi, kutanga asynchronous motors zvisingaite, kuchengetedza tambo dzemagetsi nemamotor, nezvimwewo, uye inogona kucheka otomatiki dunhu kana yaremerwa zvakanyanya kana kupfupika-kutenderera kana pasi-voltage. Basa rayo rakaenzana neiyo fuse switch uye A kusanganiswa kwekupisa uye underheating relays, etc. Uyezve, kazhinji hazvidikanwi kushandura zvikamu mushure mekuputsa kukanganisa ikozvino, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya.

03 Musiyano uripo pakati pemutoro switch, disconnector uye circuit breaker

1. Shanduko yemutoro inogona kuputswa nemutoro uye ine basa rekudzima-kudzimisa arc, asi simba rayo rekuputsa idiki uye rishoma.

2. Kazhinji, shanduko yekuzviparadzanisa haigone kuputswa nemutoro. Iko hakuna arc yekudzimisa muchimiro, uye kune zvakare yekuzviparadzanisa switch iyo inogona kutyora mutoro, asi chimiro chakasiyana kubva kune chinotakura chinja, icho chiri nyore.

3. Zvese zviri zviviri switch yekuremedza uye yekuzvitsaura switch inogona kuumba iri pachena yekubvisa poindi. Mazhinji anopwanya edunhu haana basa rekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye mashoma edunhu anotyora ane basa rekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.

4. Iyo yekuparadzanisa switch haina basa rekudzivirira. Kudzivirirwa kwekuchinja kwemutoro kunowanzo kuchengetedzwa nefuse, chete kukurumidza kuzorora uye overcurrent.

5. Kuputsika kwechigadziro chedunhu kunogona kuitwa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira. Inonyanya kuvimba nekuwedzera ma transformer aripo kuti ashande pamwe neyechipiri michina yekudzivirira. Inogona kuva nedziviriro yedunhu pfupi, kuchengetedzwa kwekuremerwa, kuchengetedzwa kwekudonha uye mamwe mabasa.