Itandukaniro na Porogaramu Zimena Inzira, Guhindura imizigo no guhagarika

Niki kumena imizunguruko, guhinduranya imitwaro no guhagarika? Birashoboka ko abakozi benshi b'amashanyarazi basobanutse neza. Ariko iyo bigeze kubitandukaniro no kubishyira mubikorwa hagati yamashanyarazi, guhinduranya imizigo no guhagarika, abakozi benshi b amashanyarazi barashobora kumenya umwe gusa ariko ntabandi, kandi kubatangiye amashanyarazi, ntibazi icyo babaza. Twese tuzi ko icyuma cyumuzunguruko gishobora gufunga, gutwara no kumena umuyaga mubihe bisanzwe byumuzunguruko, kandi birashobora gufunga, gutwara no kumena umuyaga mubihe bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko (harimo nigihe gito cyumuzunguruko) mugihe cyagenwe. Imizigo yimitwaro nigikoresho cyo guhinduranya hagati yumuzunguruko wumuzunguruko. Ifite igikoresho cyoroshye cyo kuzimya arc, gishobora kugabanya imizigo yagabanijwe hamwe numuyoboro urenze urugero, ariko ntishobora guca umuyagankuba mugufi.

Guhindura akato ni umuzunguruko uhuza imiyoboro idafite imizigo, ku buryo ibikoresho byo kubungabunga no gutanga amashanyarazi bifite aho bigarukira, bityo bikarinda umutekano bwite w'abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga. Guhindura ibintu ntabwo bifite igikoresho cyihariye cyo kuzimya arc, bityo imizigo yimizigo ntishobora gucibwa. Umuyoboro mugufi, bityo rero imikorere ya sisitemu yo kwigunga igomba gukorwa gusa mugihe icyuma kizunguruka cyaciwe. Ikibazo rero, ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kumena inzitizi, guhinduranya imizigo no guhagarika? Ni ubuhe buryo butatu bukoreshwa? Ingingo ikurikira irakumenyesha birambuye. Nyuma yo gusoma iyi ngingo, nizere ko ishobora kurushaho gusobanukirwa ibyuma bimena imizunguruko, ibyuma bitwara imizigo hamwe na sisitemu yo gutandukanya abakozi benshi b'amashanyarazi.

01 Ibisobanuro byamagambo yo guhinduranya imitwaro, guhagarika no kumena inzitizi

Guhindura imizigo: Nigikoresho cyo guhinduranya gishobora gufunga no kugabanya imizigo yimizigo, imiyoboro ishimishije, kwishyuza amashanyarazi hamwe na capacitor ya banki mubihe bisanzwe byakazi.

Guhindura akato: Bisobanura ko iyo biri mumwanya ugabanijwe, hari intera yimikorere hagati yimibonano yujuje ibisabwa nibimenyetso bigaragara; iyo iri mumwanya ufunze, irashobora gutwara umuyaga mubihe bisanzwe byumuzunguruko hamwe nuburyo budasanzwe (nkumuzunguruko mugufi)) wigikoresho cyo guhinduranya munsi yubu.

Inzitizi zumuzunguruko: Nigikoresho cyo guhinduranya gishobora gufunga, gutwara no kumena umuyaga mubihe bisanzwe byumuzunguruko, kandi birashobora gufunga, gutwara no kumena umuyaga mubihe bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko (harimo nigihe gito cyumuzunguruko) mugihe cyagenwe.

Bitewe nibisabwa mubisobanuro, hariho ingingo zigaragara zo gutandukana zisabwa mumuzunguruko umwe, bityo rero umutwaro wumutwaro urashobora gukoreshwa wenyine, kubera ko aho bigaragara gutandukana bishobora kugaragara mumuzunguruko, kandi kumena umuzunguruko bikoreshwa mubisanzwe bifatanije nu Guhindura. Menya neza ko hari aho bigaragara gutandukana. Guhindura ibintu ntibishobora gukoreshwa munsi yumutwaro, ni ukuvuga, birashobora gukingurwa no gufungwa mugihe icyerekezo cyihariye kidashobora gukoreshwa. Guhindura imitwaro, nkuko izina ribivuga, irashobora gukoreshwa munsi yumutwaro, ni ukuvuga, irashobora gufungura no kuzimya iyo ifite ingufu. Ibintu byabanje gukingurwa no gufungwa.

02 Andika intangiriro yo guhinduranya ibintu, guhagarika no kumena inzitizi

Guhindura imizigo, gutandukanya ibintu hamwe no kumena ibice bigabanijwemo ingufu nyinshi kandi nto;

1. Kubijyanye no guhindura imitwaro:

Hariho ubwoko butandatu bwingenzi bwa voltage yumutwaro mwinshi:

Gas Gazi itanga ingufu zikomeye zitanga amashanyarazi menshi: koresha ingufu zacitse arc ubwayo kugirango ibikoresho bibyara gaze mucyumba cya arc bibyara gaze yo guturika arc. Imiterere yacyo iroroshye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya kV 35 na munsi.

②Pneumatic high-voltage load switch switch: koresha gaze isunitswe na piston kugirango utere arc mugihe cyo kumeneka, kandi imiterere yayo iroroshye, ikwiranye nibicuruzwa bya kV 35 na munsi.

Ubwoko bwimyuka ihumeka ubwoko bwumubyigano mwinshi: koresha umwuka ucogora kugirango utere arc, kandi urashobora kumena umuyaga munini. Imiterere yacyo iragoye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya 60 kV no hejuru.

④SF6 ihinduranya imizigo myinshi: gaze ya SF6 ikoreshwa mukuzimya arc, kandi kumeneka kwayo ni nini, kandi imikorere yo kumena capacitif ni nziza, ariko imiterere iragoye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya kV 35 na hejuru.

⑤ Amavuta-yashizwemo na voltage yumuriro mwinshi: Koresha imbaraga za arc ubwayo kugirango ubore kandi uhindure amavuta hafi ya arc hanyuma ukonje kugirango uzimye arc. Imiterere yacyo iroroshye, ariko iraremereye, kandi irakwiriye kubicuruzwa byo hanze ya kV 35 na munsi.

Switch Ubwoko bwa Vacuum bwumuvuduko mwinshi wamashanyarazi: koresha icyuma cya vacuum kugirango uzimye arc, ufite ubuzima burebure bwamashanyarazi nigiciro cyinshi ugereranije, kandi birakwiriye kubicuruzwa bya kV 220 na munsi.

Umuvuduko muke wamashanyarazi witwa nanone guhinduranya fuse itsinda. Birakwiye ko uzimya no kuzimya imizigo yapakishijwe intoki gake cyane mumashanyarazi ya AC; irashobora kandi gukoreshwa murwego rwo hejuru no kurinda umurongo mugufi kurinda umurongo. Inzitizi zumuzunguruko zuzuzwa nicyuma cyo guhuza, kandi kurenza urugero no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi byuzuzwa na fuse.

2. Kubitandukanya

Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyiriraho, amashanyarazi menshi yo gutandukanya ibintu ashobora kugabanywa hanze yo hejuru y’umuvuduko ukabije w’imyanya ndangagitsina hamwe n’imbere yo mu nzu yo hejuru. Hanze ya voltage nini yo kwiherera yerekana icyerekezo kinini gishobora kwihanganira ingaruka zumuyaga, imvura, shelegi, umwanda, ubukonje, urubura nubukonje bwinshi, kandi bikwiriye gushyirwaho kumaterasi. Ukurikije imiterere yinkingi zayo zikingira, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bimwe, guhuza inkingi ebyiri, hamwe ninkingi eshatu.

Muri byo, icyuma kimwe cyinkingi ihindura ikoresha umwanya uhagaze nkumuriro wamashanyarazi wavunitse munsi ya bisi yo hejuru. Kubwibyo, ifite ibyiza bigaragara byo kuzigama agace karigaruriwe, kugabanya insinga ziyobora, kandi icyarimwe gufungura no gufunga birasobanutse neza. Kubijyanye na ultra-high voltage yoherejwe, ingaruka zo kuzigama igorofa zirahambaye cyane nyuma yo gusimbuza imashini imwe ikoresheje icyuma.

Mubikoresho bidafite ingufu nkeya, birakwiriye cyane cyane sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi make nkamazu yo guturamo ninyubako. Ibikorwa by'ingenzi: kumena no guhuza imirongo n'umutwaro

Twabibutsa ko mumashanyarazi make ya voltage yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, guhinduranya kwigunga bishobora kugabanywa numutwaro! Mu bindi bihe, kandi munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi, ntabwo byemewe!

3. Kubamena inzitizi

Imashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi ni ibikoresho nyamukuru bigenzura amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi, insimburangingo, hamwe nibyumba byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. ; Iyo sisitemu yananiwe, ikorana nuburinzi bwa relay kugirango igabanye vuba ikosa ryamakosa kugirango ikumire kwaguka kwimpanuka.

Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwumubyigano mwinshi wamashanyarazi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya sisitemu yingufu; hari ubwoko bwinshi bwamashanyarazi yumuriro mwinshi, ushobora kugabanwa kumashanyarazi yamashanyarazi (kumena amavuta menshi, kumena amavuta make) ukurikije kuzimya arc. , Amazi ya sufuru hexafluoride yameneka (SF6 yamashanyarazi), icyuma cyumuzunguruko, icyuma gikonjesha ikirere, nibindi.

Umuvuduko ukabije w'amashanyarazi yamenetse nanone witwa icyuma cyikora, gikunze kwitwa "guhinduranya ikirere", nacyo kivuga kumashanyarazi aciriritse. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, gutangira moteri idahwitse, kurinda imirongo y'amashanyarazi na moteri, nibindi, kandi irashobora guhita ihagarika umuzenguruko mugihe iremerewe cyane cyangwa izenguruka cyane cyangwa idafite ingufu. Imikorere yacyo ihwanye niy'imikorere ya fuse hamwe nuruvange rwubushyuhe bukabije nubushyuhe buke, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ngombwa guhindura ibice nyuma yo kumena amakosa, kandi byarakoreshejwe henshi.

03 Itandukaniro riri hagati yimitwaro, guhagarika no kumena imirongo

1. Guhindura imitwaro birashobora gucika numutwaro kandi bifite imikorere yo kuzimya arc, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo kumeneka ni buto cyane kandi bugarukira.

2. Mubisanzwe, guhinduranya ibintu ntibishobora gucika numutwaro. Nta kuzimya arc mu miterere, kandi hariho no guhinduranya ibintu bishobora kugabanya umutwaro, ariko imiterere iratandukanye nu mutwaro uremereye, bikaba byoroshye.

3. Byombi imitwaro ihinduranya hamwe na sisitemu yo kwigunga irashobora gukora ingingo igaragara. Ibyuma byinshi byumuzunguruko ntabwo bifite ibikorwa byo kwigunga, kandi ibice bimwe byumuzunguruko bifite imikorere yo kwigunga.

4. Guhindura akato ntabwo bifite umurimo wo kurinda. Kurinda ibintu byimitwaro birinzwe muri rusange na fuse, gusa kumeneka byihuse kandi birenze.

5. Ubushobozi bwo kumena ibyuma byumuzunguruko birashobora gukorwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora. Byibanze cyane cyane kongeramo impinduka zubu kugirango zifatanye nibikoresho bya kabiri byo kurinda. Irashobora kugira imiyoboro ngufi irinda, kurinda imitwaro irenze, kurinda imyanda nibindi bikorwa.