Kusiyana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Crcuit Breakers, Load Switches and Disconnectors

Kodi ma circuit breakers, load switch and disconnectors ndi chiyani? Mwinamwake ambiri ogwira ntchito zamagetsi ndi omveka bwino. Koma zikafika pa kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pakati pa ophwanya dera, zosinthira katundu ndi zolumikizira, ambiri ogwira ntchito zamagetsi amatha kudziwa chimodzi koma osati chinacho, komanso kwa oyambitsa magetsi, sadziwa zomwe angafunse. Tonse tikudziwa kuti wowononga dera akhoza kutseka, kunyamula ndi kuswa zomwe zikuchitika pansi pa nthawi yanthawi zonse, ndipo akhoza kutseka, kunyamula ndi kuthyola zamakono pansi pazikhalidwe zachilendo (kuphatikizapo nthawi yochepa) mkati mwa nthawi yeniyeni. Kusinthana kwa katundu ndi chipangizo chosinthira pakati pa wowononga dera ndi chosinthira chodzipatula. Ili ndi chipangizo chozimitsa cha arc chosavuta, chomwe chimatha kudula kuchuluka kwa katundu wapano ndi kuchuluka kwanthawi yayitali, koma sikungathe kuletsa njira yachidule.

Chophimba chodzipatula ndi dera lomwe limagwirizanitsa palibe katundu wamakono, kotero kuti zipangizo zokonzekera ndi magetsi zimakhala ndi malo osakanikirana, potero kuonetsetsa chitetezo chaumwini cha ogwira ntchito yokonza. Chosinthira chodzipatula chilibe chida chapadera chozimitsa arc, kotero katundu wapano sangathe kudulidwa. Short-circuit panopa, kotero ntchito ya kudzipatula lophimba ayenera kuchitidwa kokha pamene wosweka dera kusagwirizana. Ndiye funso ndilakuti, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chowotcha dera, chosinthira katundu ndi cholumikizira? Kodi masiwichi atatuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pati? Nkhani yotsatirayi ikufotokozerani mwatsatanetsatane. Nditawerenga nkhaniyi, ndikhulupilira kuti ikhoza kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwa ophwanya madera, ma switch switch komanso ma switch odzipatula kwa ambiri ogwira ntchito zamagetsi.

01 Kufotokozera za mawu osinthira katundu, cholumikizira ndi chophwanya dera

Kusinthana kwa katundu: Ndi chipangizo chosinthira chomwe chitha kutseka ndikudula katundu wapano, chisangalalo chapano, kuyitanitsa pakali pano ndi banki ya capacitor yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino.

Kusintha kwa kudzipatula: Kumatanthauza kuti pamene ili pagawo logawanika, pali mtunda wotsekemera pakati pa zolumikizana zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwa ndi chizindikiro chodziwikiratu choduka; pamene ili pamalo otsekedwa, imatha kunyamula zamakono pansi pazikhalidwe zoyendayenda komanso zovuta (monga chigawo chachifupi) ) cha chipangizo chosinthira pansi pakali pano.

Circuit breaker: Ndi chipangizo chosinthira chomwe chimatha kutseka, kunyamula ndi kusweka pakali pano m'malo ozungulira bwino, ndipo chimatha kutseka, kunyamula ndi kusweka pakali pano pazikhalidwe zachilendo (kuphatikiza mikhalidwe yayifupi) mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika.

Chifukwa cha zofunikira za tsatanetsatane, pali mfundo zodziwikiratu zomwe zimafunidwa m'mabwalo ena, kotero kuti kusintha kwa katundu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha, chifukwa chodziwika bwino cholumikizira chimatha kuwoneka mu dera, ndipo wophwanya dera amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi kusintha kodzipatula. Onetsetsani kuti pali malo olumikizirana odziwikiratu pagawo. Kusintha kodzipatula sikungathe kuyendetsedwa pansi pa katundu, ndiko kuti, ikhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa pamene chosinthira chodzipatula sichikhoza kuyendetsedwa. Kusinthana kwa katundu, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, kungathe kuyendetsedwa pansi pa katundu, ndiko kuti, kukhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kuzimitsa pamene kupatsidwa mphamvu. Mkhalidwewo umatsegulidwa ndikutsekedwa.

02 Mtundu woyambira wa switch switch, cholumikizira ndi chophwanya dera

Zosintha zonyamula katundu, zodzipatula zosinthira ndi zowononga madera zimagawidwa kukhala voteji yayikulu komanso yotsika;

1. Pakusintha kwa katundu:

Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ikuluikulu yosinthira ma voltages apamwamba:

① Chosinthira cholimba chomwe chimatulutsa mpweya wambiri: gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya arc yokhayokha kuti zinthu zopangira gasi muchipinda cha arc zipangitse mpweya kuti utulutse arc. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, ndipo ndi koyenera pazinthu za 35 kV ndi pansi.

②Pneumatic high-voltage load switch: gwiritsani ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa wa pisitoni kuwomba arc panthawi yosweka, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta, oyenera zinthu za 35 kV ndi pansi.

③ Woponderezedwa wamtundu wamagetsi othamanga kwambiri: gwiritsani ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa kuti mutulutse arc, ndipo mutha kuswa mphamvu yayikulu. Mapangidwe ake ndi ovuta, ndipo ndi oyenera kuzinthu za 60 kV ndi pamwamba.

④SF6 high-voltage load switch: SF6 gasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa arc, ndipo kusweka kwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo ntchito ya breaking capacitive current ndi yabwino, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi ovuta, ndipo ndi oyenera katundu wa 35 kV ndi pamwamba.

⑤ Chophimba champhamvu chamagetsi chomizidwa ndi mafuta: Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya arc yokha kuti iwononge ndikupangitsa mafuta kuzungulira arc ndikuziziritsa kuti azimitsa arc. Mapangidwe ake ndi osavuta, koma ndi olemetsa, ndipo ndi oyenera pazinthu zakunja za 35 kV ndi pansi.

⑥ Chosinthira cha vacuum-voltage high-voltage: gwiritsani ntchito vacuum sing'anga kuti muzimitse arc, mukhale ndi nthawi yayitali yamagetsi komanso yotsika mtengo, ndipo ndi yoyenera pazinthu za 220 kV kutsika.

Kusintha kwamagetsi otsika kumatchedwanso gulu la switch fuse. Ndikoyenera kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa dera lonyamulidwa pamanja pafupipafupi pamagetsi amagetsi a AC; itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakulemetsa komanso chitetezo chachifupi chamzere. Wosweka dera amamalizidwa ndi tsamba lolumikizana, ndipo kuchulukitsitsa ndi chitetezo chachifupi chafupika kumatsirizidwa ndi fusesi.

2. Podzipatula ma switch

Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira, ma switch odzipatula amagetsi okwera amatha kugawidwa kukhala masiwichi odzipatula akunja okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi komanso ma switch amkati odzipatula amphamvu kwambiri. Panja high-voltage kudzipatula lophimba amatanthauza mkulu-voltage kudzipatula lophimba kuti angathe kupirira zotsatira za mphepo, mvula, matalala, kuipitsidwa, condensation, ayezi ndi wandiweyani chisanu, ndi oyenera unsembe pa bwalo. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mizati yake yotchinga, imatha kugawidwa kukhala zolumikizira zagawo limodzi, zolumikizira zamagulu awiri, ndi zolumikizira zamagulu atatu.

Pakati pawo, kusintha kwa mpeni wa mzere umodzi mwachindunji kumagwiritsa ntchito malo oima ngati kutsekemera kwamagetsi kwa fracture pansi pa busbar pamwamba. Choncho, ili ndi ubwino wodziwikiratu wopulumutsa malo okhalamo, kuchepetsa mawaya otsogolera, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kutsegulira ndi kutseka kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Pankhani ya ultra-high voltage transmission, zotsatira zopulumutsa pansi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pambuyo poti substation itenga chosinthira cha mpeni umodzi.

Pazida zocheperako, ndizoyenera kwambiri kugawa magetsi ocheperako monga nyumba zogona ndi nyumba. Ntchito zazikulu: kuswa ndi kulumikiza mizere ndi katundu

Tiyenera kuzindikira apa kuti pogawa magetsi otsika-voltage, chosinthira chodzipatula chimatha kugawidwa ndi katundu! Nthawi zina, komanso pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu, sikuloledwa!

3. Kwa owononga dera

Magetsi othamanga kwambiri ndiye zida zazikulu zowongolera magetsi m'mafakitale amagetsi, ma substations, ndi zipinda zogawa magetsi. ; Dongosololi likalephera, limagwirizana ndi chitetezo cha relay kuti lidule msanga cholakwikacho kuti chiteteze kukula kwa ngoziyo.

Choncho, khalidwe lapamwamba lamagetsi lamagetsi limakhudza mwachindunji ntchito yotetezeka yamagetsi; pali mitundu yambiri yamagetsi othamanga kwambiri, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'magawo oyendetsa mafuta (owonjezera mafuta ozungulira, ophwanya mafuta ochepa) malinga ndi kuzimitsa kwawo. , Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6 circuit breaker), vacuum circuit breaker, compressed air circuit breaker, etc.

Chowotcha chamagetsi chotsika kwambiri chimatchedwanso switch switch, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "air switch", yomwe imatanthawuzanso chowotcha chochepa chamagetsi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugawira mphamvu yamagetsi, kuyambitsa ma asynchronous motors pafupipafupi, kuteteza zingwe zamagetsi ndi ma motors, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo imatha kudula gawolo likadzaza kwambiri kapena kufupikitsidwa kapena kutsika kwamagetsi. Ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi yosinthira fusesi ndi Kuphatikizika kwa kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwapansi, etc. Komanso, nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kusintha magawo mutatha kuswa cholakwika, ndipo wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

03 Kusiyana pakati pa switch switch, disconnector ndi circuit breaker

1. Kusinthana kwa katundu kumatha kusweka ndi katundu ndipo kumakhala ndi ntchito yozimitsa yokha arc, koma mphamvu yake yosweka ndi yaying'ono komanso yochepa.

2. Nthawi zambiri, chosinthira chodzipatula sichingathe kusweka ndi katundu. Palibe chozimitsa cha arc mu kapangidwe kake, ndipo palinso masiwichi odzipatula omwe amatha kuthyola katunduyo, koma mawonekedwewo ndi osiyana ndi chosinthira katundu, chomwe ndi chosavuta.

3. Zonse zosinthira katundu ndi chosinthira chodzipatula chikhoza kupanga chodziwikiratu cholumikizira. Ophwanya madera ambiri alibe ntchito yodzipatula, ndipo ophwanya madera ochepa amakhala ndi ntchito yodzipatula.

4. Kusintha kodzipatula kulibe ntchito yoteteza. Kutetezedwa kwa switch switch nthawi zambiri kumatetezedwa ndi fuse, kungopuma mwachangu komanso mopitilira muyeso.

5. Kutha kusweka kwa woyendetsa dera kungapangidwe kwambiri pakupanga. Zimadalira kwambiri kuwonjezera ma transformer omwe alipo kuti agwirizane ndi zida zachiwiri zotetezera. Itha kukhala ndi chitetezo chozungulira chachifupi, chitetezo chochulukirachulukira, kuteteza kutayikira ndi ntchito zina.